Wednesday, August 20, 2014

A Corner for Reading


[Photo By: KPA]

Here is a corner, with the flowers nearby, that I've managed to get whenever I go for my early morning coffee at C Cafe.

We've been having storms, rain and wind. But, the patio remains open.
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Posted BY: Kidist P. Asrat
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Sunday, August 17, 2014

The Billowy Blossoms of Hydrangeas


Blue Hydrangeas
[Photo By: KPA]


Hydrangeas!
By: John Kaprielian

Hydrangeas blooming everywhere
throughout the park
At each turn another
Different yet the same.
Pale snowballs dot
one verdant bush
While another thrusts
her gaudy pink
pom-poms in my path.
A third holds blue globes aloft,
like a celestial clown
juggling earths.
Flattopped soldiers in
variegated uniforms
line one walkway
their soft blue flowers
intricate and lacy
undermining their authority,
while at the gate
spiky red giants
stand guard.

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Hydrangeas, From The Old Farmer's Almanac
With immense billowy blossoms, hydrangeas flaunt an old-fashioned charm that is hard to resist. Colors also beguile with clear blues, vibrant pinks, frosty whites, lavender, and rose—sometimes all blooming on the same plant!

The colors of some H. macrophylla flowers are affected by the relative availability of aluminum ions in the soil. Acidic soils with a pH of less than 5.5 produce blue flowers; soils with a pH greater than 5.5 product pink flowers. White flowers are not affected by pH.

Unrivaled in the shrub world, these elegant ladies are easy to cultivate, tolerate almost any soil, and produce flowers in mid-summer through fall (when little else may be in bloom). Hydrangeas are excellent for a range of garden sites from group plantings to shrub borders to containers.

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Plant type: Shrub

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Sun exposure: Part Sun, Shade

Soil type: Any

Soil pH: Acidic
, Slightly Acidic to Neutral, Neutral
, Neutral to Slightly Alkaline

Flower color: Red, Pink, Blue, Purple, White

Bloom time: Summer, Fall

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Planting
- Most hydrangeas thrive in rich, porous, somewhat moist soils. Add compost to enrich poor soil.
- They prefer full sun in the morning, with some afternoon shade; however, many will grow and bloom in partial shade. This is especially true for the bigleaf hydrangeas (see Recommended Varieties below).
- Plant in spring or fall.
- Dig a hole as deep as the root ball and 2 to 3 times as wide.
- Set the plant in the hole and fill it half full with soil. Water. After water is drained, fill the rest of the hole with soil.
- Water thoroughly.
- Space multiple hydrangeas about 3 to 10 feet apart.

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Care
For the first year or two after planting and during any drought, be sure hydrangeas get plenty of water. Leaves will wilt if the soil is too dry.

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PRUNING
When growing H. macrophylla varieties in Zones 4 and 5, don't prune unless absolutely necessary, and then do so immediately AFTER blooming. Otherwise, remove only dead stems in the spring.

If you need to prune an older hydrangea, it depends on which variety you have.

- The common Bigleaf hydrangea should be pruned AFTER flowers fade (late spring/early summer). If you prune before bloom, you may not have blossoms the following spring.

- Oakleaf, panicle, and smooth hydrangeas blossom on the current seasons' wood so they should be pruned BEFORE bloom when plant is dormant, i.e. late winter or early spring.
In the fall, cover plants to a depth of at least 18 inches with bark mulch, leaves, pine needles, or straw. If at all possible, cover the entire plant, tip included, by making cages out of snow fencing or chicken wire, and loosely filling the cages with leaves. (Do not use maple leaves.)
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Posted By: Kidist P. Asrat
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The Life of an Artist as a Salesman


Voila!
The Infantile Exuberance of the Artist as Salesman


Infantilism is the psychology of our era. And when culture (art, music, literature, theater and even films) devolves to the infantile, what is left?

Materilaism.

More, bigger, brighter, things.

I wrote about this on the cardboard cutout cloud shapes framing the Grand Army Plaza sculptures near Central Park in New York, and of Albert Paley's iron works along the Park Avenue mall.

And this is exactly what "artist" Jeff Koons is doing.

I watched an intriguing interview of Koons on Charlie Rosen's show on PBS (here is the video).

The clever, and clearly intelligent, Koons, has spent his life upgrading the infintile to the level of art. He has used "balloon" animals, those animals we can crudely make from balloons, in order to show the complexity of life, since the balloon forces us to think about what's inside the empty space that contains air (air is not an "object" therefore the space is essentially empty). The simple animal-shaped balloon then becomes a repository for human philosophical thought.

How deep! Actually, it is as shallow as the empty space in those infantile balloons.

And as always, with contemporary artists, he takes himself very seriously, and adds all kinds of "layers" to his empty works. In his explanations for his million-dollar hoovers, he says:
"I think sales is the front line of society. I think it's a kind of a moral front line of society. My hoovers, they really are making a reference to the door-to-door salesman," (this section is around the 12:30 section of the video above).
So, I was right. I wrote the introductory words above on materialism without reviewing Koons' video. Koons goes on to explain:
...as a child, I was kind of brought up to be self-reliant. And I would sell drinks on a golf course. I would go door-to-door selling gift-wrapping paper. You know, kind of a lot like the images that are in my Celebration work. Bows, ribbons, candy.
Here is one of Koons' work from his Celebraions Series. He admits to his infantilism, and even venerates it.

I wonder at this materialism and infantilism of contemprory "artists."

I think it is to do with a profound lack of talent. These are not artistic people, but they are clever, and even intelligent.

In this era where art (i.e. creation) is venerated, what better thing than to be god-like and an artist, a creator?

And where materialism reigns, what better way to be rewarded for one's artistry than through money? One gets to be a god, and a rich god, at that.

So here we are, at a profound spiritual dearth. Contemporary artists realize that they have nothing bigger than themselves to aspire to, so all they can "celebrate" is the gaudy, shiny, material world around them.

And why produce the perfect painting when there is nothing left to paint? There is no family to aspire to (Koons is twice married, and his first wife is actually a parody of a wife), no community(says "I live down in the Wall Street area only for exclusion"), and no God.

The artist becomes the supreme creator. Where there is no god, or where he has been successfully killed, then someone has to take its place, and it is Artist that is worshiped, and who worships himself.

Here is what Koons has to say about God and his "humanitarian" beliefs:
Koons has never been religious. He was born Protestant and "grew up being taught an appreciation that other people's experiences in life and their rights." The artist is pleased to be honored by FEGS [the Jewish communal organization that deals with employment, job training and counseling.], an organization whose mission he identifies with. "There's a sense that whether somebody is Jewish or whether they're Protestant or whatever anyone's background, we have a shared history - a shared human history and our motivations, our possibilities, our desires are shared. So I really like trying to be involved with the world community as a whole, and so that why I'm thrilled to participate." [Source: The Jewish Week: FEGS honors Pop Artist Jeff Koons]
And Koons' (the Artist's) lack of artistic talent pulls him toward the infantile, pumped up to look big and impressive. Thus, Koons' supreme, infantile narcissism is evident. When Charlie Rose says to him: "You stand above the art establishment [i.e. you're so big]" Koons grimaces with an immodest "I don't know about that," as though he really does think he's great, but no-one seems to be noticing. He later on modifies his facial expression, but he is really in interview mode now, and uses the right words so as not to appear too pompous. After all, his mentors are avant-garde artists such as Picasso and Dali, and he is "trying to participate in this kind of tradition, the extension of the avant-garde." But Koons has to sell in his lifetime, and is not humble, or committed, enough to wait to be recognized after his death. He is not willing to be the impoverished artist with an afterlife, as were the majority (though not all) his avant-garde mentors.

And Koons is ready to take from anything, or anyone, to fill this dearth in imagination. He has put a giant "play dough figure" in the Whitney Museum of American Art where he currently has a retrospective.

His most blatant act of infatilism and, theft, is his "play dough figure." This is a replica of a play dough figure his son did when a very young child. This son, the progeny of Koons and an Italian porn star, is now in Italy, under the custody of his mother. Koons can only visit, but cannot bring the boy back to America. Koons has made a replica of a play dough to commemorate this disastrous family life.

Here is what he says about that:
"It was a period when I was really losing confidence in humanity, and I had only my art to hang on to. And that's what I hung on to. And so I decided to make things to try to communicate to him [his son] that if not in this moment, in the future he could realize how much I was thinking about him."
Then Koons' pomposity rises up again, and he adds:
"And at the same time, I wanted to make things that could hold up in a larger context of making art, because at the same time I wanted to be his Dad, there was also an artist performing on, you know, the level of making great works."
He continues:
"But, a piece like play dough. My son Ludwig, I bought him some play dough during a visitation, and he made a mound, and he said "Dad!" I turned and I said "What?" And he said "Dad, look. Voila!" Koons gestures expansively with his hands.
And:
"And I looked at this mound of play dough and Charlie, it was everything that I tried to do everyday of my life. To make something that you couldn't make any judgments about...Is it too much red, is it too much blue? Is it shaped right? It was perfect...And so I ended up going to my studio and making that mound."
Art not for his son, or for love for his son, but to make "great works" using his son's toys, his son's belongings! Voila!

And not only does he use his son's unformed, childish, play-figure, but exploits it, in the name of art, and makes millions out of it.

And of course, nothing is innocent or pure in Koons' infantile world. He explains about the "balloon" figures:
"I think that there's a mythic quality in Balloon Dog. There's an interior dark quality to it a little bit like a Trojan Horse..."
And about his art in relation to his son:
So that series, I was trying to maintain my confidence, my belief in humanity. To show my son how much I loved him. And at the same time to be performing on a, you know, the highest level that I could.
------------------------------------------------------------


Jeff Koons
Balloon Dog
High chromium stainless steel with transparent color coating
121 x 143 x 45 inches
307.3 x 363.2 x 114.3 cm
5 unique versions (Blue, Magenta, Yellow, Orange, Red)
1994-2000


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Jeff Koons
New Hoover Convertibles, New Shelton Wet/Drys 5-Gallon, Double Decker
two Hoover Convertibles, two Shelton Wet/Drys, acrylic and fluorescent lighting
99 x 41 x 28 in. (251.5 x 104.1 x 71.1 cm.)
Executed in 1981-1986

From Christie's:
Price Realized
$11,801,000 (Set Currency)

More at Christie's:
Notes on the piece: Lot Notes
Interviews with Koons


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Jeff Koons,
Play-Doh, 1994–2014
Polychromed aluminum
120 × 108 × 108 in.
Whitney Museum of American Art

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Posted By: Kidist P. Asrat
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Friday, August 15, 2014

New York Stories by the Fountains


#whereandwheniliketoread
[Photo By: KPA]


In a recent post, I put up a photograph of C Cafe, in Celebration Square, Mississauga, where I go to have coffee, and sometimes breakfast.

The cafe is quiet in the early mornings (around 8am-10am), an ideal time for me to go and read. The spray of the fountains masks other noises, and it also adds a peaceful background for reading.

My photograph was not as I had wished it to be. The rain storm the night before had flooded the cafe, and the staff had piled the seats towards the back, leaving a messy cluster. I moved a couple of tables and some chairs to the front, but I couldn't rearrange the whole patio, leaving awkward spaces where tables or chairs should be.

I have always liked the pleasant rhythm of the chairs and the round tables, as they are normally arranged. I took photographs a second time yesterday morning, and I am pleased with one result, which I've posted above.

The New York Public Library is asking its members to contribute photographs of where they like to read to its twitter page #ireadeverywhere. This is actually incorrect. I think people have specific places where they like to read, and they are often particular about the time of day too. I would have called the hashtag #whereandwheniliketoread.

Mine, for now, is the quiet C Cafe, early in the morning, with a cup of coffee. I don't like to eat while reading, because eating requires some concentration to enjoy the food, to use the utensils, to keep food from getting on the book, and so on. And I associate coffee with reading, some kind of Pavlovian reflex. And the coffee should be Starbucks.

I think I will submit the photo above.

I have placed my paper cup with the coffee (they don't have ceramic mugs), my book New York Stories, and the rope sling of my bag in the frame, to have my presence in the photograph.
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Shrub Roses


Rosa glauca (Red-leaved Rose): Rose Flowers and Hips (...like little cherries)
[Photo By: KPA]


I took the photograph on the left in June (two months ago). The photo on the right I took today.

For some reason, I had a hard time identifying this rose. Today, I simply put "rose with five petals" in google, and found it!
Rosa glauca (Red-leaved Rose or Redleaf Rose; syn. R. rubrifolia) is a species of rose native to the mountains of central and southern Europe, from Spanish Pyrenees east to Bulgaria, and north to Germany and Poland. It's also found as an introduced species as far north as Scandinavia and Finland.

Rosa glauca is a deciduous arching shrub of sparsely bristled and thorny cinnamon-coloured arching canes 1.5–3 m tall. The most distinctive feature is its leaves, which are glaucous blue-green to coppery or purplish, and covered with a waxy bloom; they are 5–10 cm long and have 5–9 leaflets. The fragile, clear pink flowers are 2.5–4 cm diameter, and are produced in clusters of two to five. The fruit is a dark red globose hip 10–15 mm diameter.

Cultivation and uses
This rose was not widely grown in gardens until the end of the 19th century, when its refined wildness and beauty out of the flowering season first began to be appreciated. The flower petals fall off easily in the spray from watering hoses, as well as from wind and rain. The species is naturalised in northern Europe north of its native range, particularly in Scandinavia.

A hybrid with Rosa rugosa has been given the cultivar name 'Carmenetta'.[Source: Wikipedia]
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New York Imaginations


#whereandwheniliketoread
[Photo By: KPA]


In my previous post, I put up a photograph of C Cafe, in Celebration Square, Mississauga, where I go to have coffee, and sometimes breakfast.

The cafe is quiet in the early mornings (around 8am-10am), an ideal time for me to go and read. The spray of the fountains masks other noises, and it also adds a peaceful background for reading.

My photograph was not as I had wished it to be. The rain storm the night before had flooded the cafe, and the staff had piled the seats towards the back, leaving a messy cluster. I moved a couple of tables and some chairs to the front, but I couldn't arrange the whole patio, leaving awkward spaces where tables or chairs should be.

I have always liked the pleasant rhythm of the chairs and the round tables. I tried taking a picture a second time this morning (I went early especially for that), and I am pleased with the result.

The New York Public Library is asking its blog members to contribute photographs of where they like to read to their twitter page #ireadeverywhere. This is actually incorrect. I think people have particular places where they like to read. I would have called their hashtag #whereandwheniliketoread.

Mine, for now, is the quiet C Cafe, early in the morning, with a cup of coffee. I don't like to eat while reading. I think probably becasue eating requires some concentration, to enjoy the food, to use the utensils, and so on. And I think that I associate coffee with reading, some kind of Pavlovian reflex. And the coffee should be a Starbucks.

I think I will submit the photo above.

I have placed my cup of coffee (they don't have ceramic mugs, I asked), my book, and the rope sling of my carry-on bag in the frame, to put my presence in the photograph.
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Posted By: Kidist P. Asrat
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Tuesday, August 12, 2014

New York Stories in Mississauga


"C Cafe captures the essence of Civic Centre. Cuisine. Celebration."
[Photo By KPA - "After the Storm with a Starbucks and New York Stories"]

I frequently go to the small cafe photographed above, the C Cafe, in Mississauga's Celebration Square, where I have my daily doses of coffee (two cups, Starbucks) and a sandwich. I've posted on Celebration Square before, where I've described outgoing mayor Hazel McCallion's contributions to this city, which includes this Square.

I go to the C Cafe to read, and currently it is to read my book of short stories, New York Stories.

The last story I read from that collection is O. Henry's The Making of a New Yorker. Without giving too much away, it is about a man, Raggles.
Besides many things, Raggles was a poet. He was called a tramp; but that was only an elliptical way of saying that he was a philosopher, an artist, a traveler, a naturalist, and a discoverer. But most of all he was a poet.
Raggles finally succumbs to the unique charms of this great big city. He's seen them all: Chicago, Pittsburgh, Boston, New Orleans, and was won over by all of them (or won them all over). But with New York:
He was defeated puzzled, discomfited, frightened. Other cities had been to him as long primers to read; as country maidens quickly to fathom; as send-price-of-subscription-with-answer rebuses to solve; as oyster cocktails to swallow; but her was one as cold, glittering, serene, impossible as a four-carat diamond in a window to a lover outside fingering damply in his pocket his ribbon-counter salary.
Here is the full (short) short story, online.


Out-going Mayor Hazel McCallion, with members of the City Council
At the opening of C Cafe, in October 2012


I took the top photo early in the morning. There had been a storm the night before, and the cafe's staff had moved the chairs and tables to the far end by the wall to allow the floor and chairs to dry down. The awning was also rolled up. By the time I got there, the sun was peaking through the clouds. I asked the waitress to roll down the awning (all by remote control). The chairs were still stacked close together. I arranged my chair and table near the front. I was the only one there for a while, peacefully reading The Making of a New Yorker.
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Posted By: Kidist P. Asrat
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Sunday, August 10, 2014

White Sails Billowing...

I provided my own image of a close up of water from a fountain to Edith Wharton's short story A Cup of Cold Water in my previous post, Summer Air. I got the idea from this line: White skirts wavered across the floor like thistle-down on summer air...But the same short story (in fact, the same line) gave me an idea for another image: that of sailboats on Lake Ontario. The white skirts wavering could be white sails billowing.





Harbourfront Sailboats

[Photos By: KPA]

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Posted By: Kidist P. Asrat
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Golf in the Time of War



I got this blog title from the novel Love in the Time of Cholera, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
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Saturday, August 9, 2014

Summer Air


[Photo By: KPA]

Excerpt from A Cup of Cold Water
From the collection of short stories New York Stories
By Edith Wharton
P. 140
White skirts wavered across the floor like thistle-down on summer air...
Full story online.
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Saturday, August 2, 2014

New York Stories: The Capacious Hand of God


William Morris
Thistle Design


The short story The Thistles in Sweden, by William Maxwell, in New York Stories, is a lovely montage of interiors. Of course, the most important interior of the story is Margaret's place for her new baby. And all are aided by "the capacious hand of God."

The Thistles in Sweden
By: William Maxwell

p. 16
The living-room curtains are of heavy Swedish linen: life-sized thistles, printed in light blue and charcoal grey, on a white background. They are very beautiful (and so must the thistles in Sweden be) and they also have an emotional context; Margaret made them, and, when they did not hang properly, wept, and ripped them apart and remade them, and now they do hang properly.
p. 239
...I think if it is true that we are all in the hands of God, what a capacious hand it must be."
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Flowers in the Cloisters Bonnefont Herb Garden
[Photo By: KPA]

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Friday, August 1, 2014

Round Tables


Waiting On The Algonquin
[Photo By: KPA]


There are many lovely photos of the Algonquin Hotel in New York, including this one from the hotel's website, where there is action in the flutter of the flags.

But, how many can say they managed to get this staff carrying (where is he going?) a package (looks like delivery), just outside the hotel, with his reflection in the door of the hotel? And I do manage to get some motion in the flags too.

I went in to ask about the menu, and about the history of the Round Table, and where the group sat. The receptionist did show me the table, and told me that there was some kind of guided tour. I asked to see the menu.

Well, from the dinner menu in the restaurant, a shrimp cocktail costs $20, and "parmesan crusted chicken breast" is $36. But, a Pre-theater Dinner (three course) costs $35, which is reasonable enough.

Or one could have a drink and snacks at the Lounge, as the recpetionist suggested, where "home made Algonquin potato chips with old fashioned onion dip" is $9, and the Hemingway cocktail is $21. The bar has graciously written the drinks' ingredients on the menu, where the Hemingway includes: stolichnaya, fresh grapefruit and simple syrup, with a sugar rim on the glass. Matilda the Cat has her own cocktail as the Matilda, which at $21 contains: tangerine vodka, cointreau, fresh lemon & orange juices and korbel brut. Champagne and sweet liqueurs for this cat. The menu assures us that their "cocktails are made with depth, complexity and a dexterous hand."

But what is stolichnaya? I suppose it is Hemingway's communist connection which graced this vodka in the cocktail:
As in Europe, in the 1920s and 1930s numerous American intellectuals sympathized or joined the Communist Party in the United States as young activists. Columnist Max Lerner included the term in his 1936 article for The Nation called "Mr. Roosevelt and His Fellow Travelers." Future HUAC chief investigator J. B. Matthews would use the term in the title of his last book, Odyssey of a Fellow Traveler (1938). Other famous writers who traveled included Ernest Hemingway, and Theodore Dreiser. [Source]
I would have thought the acerbic Dorothy Parker would have been a better candidate after whom to name a cocktail.

I managed to see the mural of the Round Table group on the far wall of the Algonquin Restaurant, which would have been the room where they met.




A Vicious Circle
2002
Illustration by Natalie Ascencios
[Source: NPR
]

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Identifying members of the Round Table
[Source]


1. Dorothy Parker writer and literary and drama critic

2. Robert Benchley humorist and writer, managing editor at Vanity Fair and drama critic for Life and The New Yorker.

3. Matildais the Algonquin’s steadfast cat

4. Franklin Pierce Adams, best known for his column, “Conning Tower,” which appeared in three New York newspapers, The World, The Herald Tribune and the New York Post.

5. Robert Sherwood, playwright, drama editor of Vanity Fair, and wrote movie reviews for Life.

6. Harpo Marx, part of the Marx Brothers team

7. Alexander Woollcott, essayist and literary and drama critic, wrote for the New York Times, McCalls, The Saturday Evening Post, and Vanity Fair, had a weekly radio show, “Town Crier" in New York City.

8. Harold Ross, created The New Yorker magazine in 1925, Round Tablers Benchley, Parker and Woollcott contributed regularly

9. George S. Kaufman, playwright who wrote several Broadway hits, and collaborated on many works with fellow Round Tabler Marc Connelly

10. Heywood Broun, drama critic and sports writer for the New York Herald Tribune, wrote the column “Seems to Me” for 20 years covering New York nightlife

11. Marc Connelly, playwright, journalist for The Morning Telegraph

12. Edna Ferber, novelist and playwright
And next time I might be able to meet the Hotel's current, VIP: Matilda the cat.



I wrote on the Alonguin here, On Round Tables.

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Wednesday, July 30, 2014

Commerce, Government, Art and Gardens in Philadelphia


Philadelphia Museum of Art

Below is background on the Classical Revival style of the Philadelphia Museum of Art:
The City Council of Philadelphia funded a competition in 1895 to design a new museum building,but it was not until 1907 that plans were first made to construct it on Fairmount, a rocky hill topped by the city's main reservoir. The Fairmount Parkway (renamed Benjamin Franklin Parkway), a grand boulevard that cut diagonally across the grid of city streets, was designed to terminate at the foot of the hill. But there were conflicting views about whether to erect a single museum building, or a number of buildings to house individual collections. The architectural firms of Horace Trumbauer and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary collaborated for more than a decade to resolve these issues. The final design is mostly credited to two architects in Trumbauer's firm: Howell Lewis Shay for the building's plan and massing, and Julian Abele for the detail work and perspective drawings...

[T]he new building was not completed until 1928.[11] The facade and columns are made of Minnesota dolomite.

The wings were built first, which helped assure funding for the completion of the design.
The building's eight pediments were intended to be adorned with sculpture groups. The only pediment that has been completed, "Western Civilization" (1933) by C. Paul Jennewein, features his polychrome sculptures of painted terra-cotta figures, depicting Greek deities and mythological figures. It was completed in 1933...The building is also adorned by a collection of bronze griffins, which were adopted as the symbol of the museum in the 1970s.
I'm a New Yorker, through and through. You cannot convince me of the superiority of any other city, even of Paris.

But, each city has its own wonders, charms and hidden gems. The Bourse is one such place in Philadelphia. And another, just a few block away, is Washington Square. And New York may boast of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, but the gorgeous setting of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, on a hill, surpasses even what the Met folks can say. And it's collections are no less inferior. And does Central Park have any fantastic fountain garden to rival the Longwood Gardens near Philadelphia?

I've posted photographs of these sites which I took while in Philadelphia this past July.


The Italian Water Garden
Longwood Gardens
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania (about one hour west of Philadelphia)


From the Longwood Gardens website:
Pierre S. du Pont's love of water and fountains is embodied in this Garden. Simple color tones—green grass, blue-tiled fountains, and sparkling water—create a serene atmosphere.

Mr. du Pont planned every aspect of this Garden, from the sculptures inspired by his travels in Italy to the hydraulic calculations. He even calculated that the northernmost pools needed to be built 14 feet longer than the southernmost pool to appear symmetrical from the viewing deck.

Experience a piece of Europe with this water delight that runs from 9:00 am–5:45 pm daily mid-April through mid-October, and until dusk on Friday and Saturday evenings during the Festival of Fountains.

The basic layout of this much-loved water Garden, which debuted in 1927, is similar to one seen by the du Ponts at the Villa Gamberaia near Florence, Italy.
From the Longwood Garden vistor's guide booklet:
Experience the world of Longwood Gardens...a place to see dazzling displays that elevate the art of horticulture...a place to enjoy performances that inspire..a place to watch majestic fountains spring to life...a place to relax and reconnect with nature. Discover our storied heritage and the indelible mark of our founder, Pierre S. du Pont, which guides us today. Explore one of the great gardens of the world, from our 4-acre Conservatory to the splendor of our outdoor gardens spanning 1,077 acres. Step out of your world and into ours...where the living things that surround you make you feel more alive.
The fountains are by no means the only features. The small guide booklet lists 22, from an "Idea Gardne" to various floral gardens, including wisteria and roses. Here is a link to the outdoor garden map. The letters and number thumbnails pop-up images of the various gardens, and clicking on them will take you to the website. Number 21 is the Italian Water Garden.


The Bourse Building

The Bourse's website describes it thus:
The concept of the Bourse – meaning a place of exchange – was brought to Philadelphia in 1890 by George E. Bartol, a prosperous Philadelphia grain and commodities exporter. While in Europe, Bartol visited the great Bourse in Hamburg, Germany. Upon his return to the United States, Bartol called together the most influential businessmen and merchants in the city, asking them to pool their resources to construct the city’s own business center – a Philadelphia Bourse.

In 1891, The Philadelphia Bourse Corporation was formed, with each member subscribing $1,000 to the project, by an issue of stock and mortgage. The Bourse motto was “buy, sell, ship via Philadelphia”.

The Philadelphia Bourse Building, the first commodities exchange in the United States, was completed in 1895. The building was one of the first steel-framed buildings to be constructed. Three types of masonry were used on the facade: Carlisle redstone, Pompeian buff brick and terra cotta. Inside were large columns and pilasters leading to a balcony surrounding the main floor. Bow-top girders were used to support a skylight at the third floor.

The original tenants included the American Telephone and Telegraphy, Moore and McCormick Steamships lines, grain dealers and export agents. The Bourse was also home to the Commercial Exchange, the Maritime Exchange, Grocers and Importers Exchange and the Board of Trade.
Quotations from all markets of the world and the latest financial news were received by telegraph. Pneumatic tubes connected the Bourse directly with the United States Post Office. A trading clock signaled the end of every business day.

Kaiserman Company, Inc. purchased The Philadelphia Bourse Building in 1979, renaming it “The Bourse” and adapting it as a retail and office complex. The restoration took three years to complete at a cost of $20 million, twenty times greater than the original construction cost.

Celebrating over 100 years as a center for commerce and trade, The Bourse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today, it is one of Philadelphia’s leading commercial complexes, home to 24 retail and food service stores and more than 50 businesses.
I went to the Bourse with my friend in Philadelphia, and we had a simple deli meal in the food court of soup and sandwich.

The current Philadelphia stock exchange is at 19th and Market, not that far from the Bourse.

The Philadelphia Washington Square, which has the same name as the more famous (or infamous) New York Washington Square, is a peaceful park, unlike the hustling and bustling New York version.


The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier lies within Washington Square,
with a statue of George Washington, and an Eternal Flame

Messages engraved on the wall of the memorial include:
- "Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness"

- "The independence and liberty you possess are the work of
joint councils and joint efforts of common dangers, suffering
and success [Washington Farewell Address, Sept. 17, 1796]"

- "In unmarked graves within this square lie thousands of
unknown soldiers of Washington's Army who died of wounds and
sickness during the Revolutionary War."
I took a photograph of the statue of Washington, at the far end of the square, which stands above the Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier.

Below is background on the Tomb of the Unkonw Revolutionary Soldier:
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier lies within Washington Square, one of the five public parks drawn up by William Penn in his 1682 blueprint for Philadelphia...Shortly after the square was laid out, however, it was being used for a wholly other purpose — as a potter's field. Burials in Washington Square, then known as Southeast Square, started in 1706 and continued for nearly nine decades...

Over the years, the square has been used for as a fishing hole, cow pasture, hayfield, duck hunting spot and, appropriately enough, revival meeting grounds. 19th-century historian John Watson reports that slaves would be allowed to congregate in the square during holidays, sometimes numbering a thousand, holding dances and honoring the "sleeping dust below."

By 1776, that "sleeping dust" would be jolted by the first Revolutionary War casualties...

By 1778, Washington Square would be the last barracks for the thousands of soldiers who died in Philadelphia. Though not much fighting occurred in Philadelphia during the War, plenty of dying did. Those wounded in nearby battles, or those sick with disease would be brought to Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Hospital and the Bettering House for the Poor filled quickly. Churches became ad-hoc hospitals...

The Colonials reoccupied Philadelphia in 1778 and became the jailkeepers at Walnut Street. No doubt a Millgram (where prisoners became the guards) atmosphere prevailed when the prisoners got to run the jail. Suffice it to say, many bodies of British soldiers also are interred in Washington Square, sleeping far from Albion's shores.

In 1793, the square once again served as a mass graveyard — this time for wracked, malodorous victims of the 1793 Yellow Fever epidemic. Philadelphia was literally decimated by this epidemic: about 5,000 of Philadelphia's 50,000 residents were taken by the Aedes mosquito. Washington Square was once again pockmarked by stench-filled trenches.

After the square stopped functioning as a cemetery, a beautifying campaign was undertaken. In 1825, the Square was renamed in honor of George Washington, commander of many of the troops buried within it.

In 1954, the Washington Square Planning Committee decided to erect a memorial that honored both George Washington and an unknown soldier from the Revolutionary War. There was a catch, however — culling a Colonial soldier from this unmarked golgotha. In 1956 an archaeological team was brought in. They dug nine holes mostly in the northwest quadrant of the square. The first bodies the archaeologists discovered belonged to three paupers, identifiable as such by canvas sheets serving as their graveclothes. Some exploratory holes found single graves, not the mass trenches which were being looked for. Finally, a mass grave was found. Within they found the undisturbed remains of a male about twenty years old within the vestiges of an oak coffin. The skull had evidence of a "plow wound" which could have been caused by a musket ball. This would be the body used for the unknown soldier.

Though the archaeologists and historians were fairly certain that this disinterred body was that of a Revolutionary War soldier, one vexing question still remains: Was the body that of a British soldier or a lad who had just started calling himself by a new name — American?...

The tomb of the Unknown Soldier itself bears the words: "Beneath this stone rests a soldier of Washington's army who died to give you liberty."

An eternal flame flickers in front of a wall bearing a replica of Jean Antoine Houdon's famous bronze sculpture of George Washington. Washington's eyes gaze eternally upon nearby Independence Hall.

The Longwood Gardens, Small Lake

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[Photos By: KPA]

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The Credit River


View of Credit River (Showing Mississauga [Indians] Fishing in Canoes, 1796
Elizabeth P. Simcoe(1766-1850)
Grey wash and Watercolour
National Archives of Canada C-13917 (NAC 2320)
Published in Frank A. Dieterman, Ed. Mississauga, The First 100,000 Years
Toronto: Mississauga Heritage Foundation and eastend books, 2002, P. 20

About Elizabeth Simcoe:

Elizabeth Simcoe (September 22, 1762 – January 17, 1850) was an artist and diarist in colonial Canada. She was the wife of John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada.

She was born Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim in the village of Whitchurch, Herefordshire, England, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gwillim and Elizabeth Spinckes. Her father died before her birth, and her mother died shortly afterwards. After her baptism, which was on the same day as her mother's burial, she was taken into the care of her mother's younger sister, Margaret. In commemoration of her mother, Elizabeth was given the middle name Posthuma. Margaret married Admiral Samuel Graves on June 14, 1769 and she grew up at Graves's estate, Hembury Fort near Honiton in Devon.

On December 30, 1782, Elizabeth married John Graves Simcoe, Admiral Graves' godson. They had four daughters and one son, Francis Simcoe, for whom they named Castle Frank. Katherine Simcoe, their only daughter to be born in Upper Canada, died in childhood of pneumonia; she is buried at Fort York Garrison.

[...]

Elizabeth Simcoe left a diary that provides a valuable impression of life in colonial Ontario. First published in 1934, there was a subsequent transcription published in 1965 and a paperback version issued at the turn of the 21st century, more than 200 years after she wrote it. Lady Elizabeth Simcoe's legacy also includes a series of 595 water-colour paintings that depict the town of York. She was responsible for the naming of Scarborough, an eastern Toronto district, after Scarborough, England. The townships of North, East and West Gwillimbury, just south of Lake Simcoe in central Ontario, are also named for the family.


Elizabeth Simcoe (1790)
Mary Anne Burges (British, 1763-1813)
Watercolour12 x 15.1 cm
Library and Archives Canada


More on Elizabeth Simcoe at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography.


Niagara Falls, Ontario, July 30, 1792
Elizabeth Simcoe
Archives of Ontario

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Illustrating Natural Histories

Below are a couple of photographs I took at the Natural Histories exhibition in the American Museum of Natural History, in New York. There is a lot to say about this magnificent exhibition. First, in the exhibition's display Curiously Colorful Fishthough, there was a time when fantasy played a large part in illustrating scientific books, as the intricate cataloging of the earth's species proceeded. And the beauty of shells, this time with realistic and beautiful illustrations of shells and mollusks, is shown in the display Dawn of Malacology.

(There are many sites which have posted photos of the collection. But, I took my own partly to keep a record of what I saw and liked - I also took photos of the descriptive logs below the illustration - and partly to test out a non-flash environment for my camera.)

For more information on the collection, this site on the AMNH's website is a useful start.

More links and information along the way may provide what you might wish to obtain.

The best thing, of course, is to visit this marvelous place. And make sure the research library is open when you get there.

Curiously Colorful Fish



The following information was obtained from the American Museum of Natural History online catalog.

Title: Three species of fish with engraved text from Renard's Poissons, écrevisses et crabes

Medium: Engravings

Coverage: Moluccas, Indonesia

Rare books: Asia, Fishes, Fishes -- Pictorial works, Ocean life

Publisher: American Museum of Natural History Research Library

Artist: Renard, Louis, b. ca. 1678

Department / Discipline: Ichthyology

Collection Name: Rare Book Collection

Note: Natural Histories: Extraordinary Rare Book Selections from the American Museum of Natural History Library: 1. De Groot Tafel-visch (additional descriptive text in french): 2. De Spits-Neus (additional descriptive text in french): 3. Ican Suangi (additional descriptive text in french)

Author: Renard, Louis, b. ca. 1678

Book Title: Poissons, écrevisses et crabes, de diverses couleurs et figures extraordinaires, que l'on trouve autour des isles Moluques et sur les côtes des terres australes :peints d'après nature durant la régime de messieurs Van Oudshoorn, Van Hoorn, Van Ribeek & Van Zwoll, successivement gouverneurs-généraux des Indes orientales pour la Compagnie de Hollande

Imprint:Amsterdam: Chez Reinier & Josué Ottens, 1754

Date of Publication: 1754

Language of Publication: French

Call Number: RF-74-F

Bibliographic Number: b10715216

Description of Publication: 2 v. in 1 ([14] p., 43 leaves of plates; [6] p., LVII leaves of plates) : chiefly col. ill. (459 figs.) ; 42 cm. (fol.)

View this book in the library catalog: http://libcat1.amnh.org/record=b1071521

Here is the information describing the illustrations of "colorful fish" provided by the museum:
Fish, Crayfish and Crabs of Diverse Colors and Extraordinary Forms
Author: Louis Renard (1678-1746)
Illustrator: Samuel Fallours (active 1706-1712,
and other local artists
Imprint: Amsterdam, 1754
Two volume work illustrated with
100 hand-colored, engraved plates

Dreary tropical fish? Sounds like an oxymoron.
But when Europeans saw collections of preserved
tropical fish in the 1700, their colors had long
since faded away and they resembled familiar, drab-colored,
local fish.

No wonder the work of Louis Renard was so exciting.
Renard collected and published fantastically colored
and boldly patterned images of fish and
crustaceans from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
Artists included Dutch East India Company
soldier Samuel Fallours and anonymous locals
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The Dawn of Malacology



The following information was obtained from the American Museum of Natural History online catalog.

Title: Voluta magnifica (Cymbiola magnifica) from Martini's Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet

Medium: Engravings

Rare books: Aquatic invertebrates, Shells, Shells -- Pictorial works, Mollusca

Publisher: American Museum of Natural History Research Library

Collection Name: Rare Book Collection

Artist: Unknown

Original Caption: Voluta magnifica

Author: Martini, Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm, 1729-1778

Book Title: Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet

Imprint: Nürnberg : Bey Gabriel Nikolaus Raspe, 1769-1829

Date of Publication: 1769-1829

Language of Publication: German

Call Number: 14-A

Bibliographic Number: b10657605

Description of Publication: 12 v. in 13 : col. ill. ; 30 cm.

View this book in the library catalog: http://libcat1.amnh.org/record=b1065760

Here is information close to the display "Voluta magnifica" provided by the museum:
In the late 1700s Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm Martini,
a German physician and devoted shell collector,
set out to describe and illustrate all mollusk species.
His work was cut out for him: estimates indicate that
there are more than 100,000 species. Martini did not
fulfill his dream, dying after only the third volume
of descriptions. Johann Hieronymus Chemnitz, a German
clergyman, continued his work. Unfortunately, the authors
did not adopt the binomial naming system introduced by
Linnaeus in 1758, rendering the series less scientifically
useful than it might have been.
The shells are beautifully illustrated
and scientifically accurate.
[Photos By: KPA]

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